PATENT-READY TECHNICAL
DESIGN
AI–IoT–BIM–EVM
Integrated Closed-Loop Project Performance Monitoring, Prediction &
Optimization System
Enhancement Supplement —
Novel Modules, Compliance Layer, Claims Expansion & Commercialization
Roadmap
Prepared for: Vimal Noble
M.Tech — Project Engineering &
Management (2024–26)
Jharkhand University of Technology (JUT) Ranchi,
affiliated to Jharkhand University of Technology (JUT), Ranchi
August 2026
1. Overview | เคเคฆ्เคฆेเคถ्เคฏ
เคฏเคน เคฆเคธ्เคคाเคตेเค़ เคชเคนเคฒे เคธे เคคैเคฏाเคฐ AI–IoT–BIM–EVM Closed-Loop architecture เคो
patent-strength, compliance-readiness เคเคฐ commercialization-readiness เคी เคฆृเคท्เคि เคธे
เคเคे เคฎเคเคฌूเคค เคเคฐเคคा เคนै। เคจीเคे เคोเคก़े เคเค modules เคเคฐ sections เคฎौเคूเคฆा 5-module เคขांเคे
(A–E) เคो เคช्เคฐเคคिเคธ्เคฅाเคชिเคค เคจเคนीं เคเคฐเคคे, เคฌเคฒ्เคि เคเคธे เคตिเคธ्เคคाเคฐ เคฆेเคคे เคนैं।
The base architecture (Modules A–E: Physical Data Acquisition,
Spatial-Temporal Fusion, Predictive Engine, Optimization Engine, Feedback
Controller) remains the technical core. This supplement adds three new
technical modules, a prior-art differentiation matrix, expanded dependent
claims, a regulatory/compliance layer, ESG integration, a TRL roadmap, an IP
risk register, and a validation plan — the elements patent examiners and
licensing partners typically look for next.
2.
Three New Technical Modules | เคจเค เคคเคเคจीเคी เคฎॉเคก्เคฏूเคฒ
Module F — Cybersecurity
& Data Integrity Layer (เคธाเคเคฌเคฐ เคธुเคฐเค्เคทा
เคเคตं เคกेเคा เค
เคंเคกเคคा)
Physical-to-digital IoT systems เคฌเคจเคคे เคนी เคเค เคจเคฏा attack surface เคोเคฒเคคे เคนैं
(sensor spoofing, GPS jamming, data tampering)। เคฌिเคจा security layer เคे, เคोเค เคญी
investor เคฏा standards body เคเคธे field-deployable เคจเคนीं เคฎाเคจेเคा — เคเคธเคฒिเค เคฏเคน module
patent เคเคฐ commercialization เคฆोเคจों เคे เคฒिเค เค
เคจिเคตाเคฐ्เคฏ เคนै।
•
End-to-end
encryption (TLS 1.3 / DTLS) between sensor → edge gateway → cloud
•
Blockchain-anchored
audit trail for EVM baseline changes and corrective-action approvals (immutable
ledger, not just “optional”)
•
Sensor
authentication via device-certificate + RFID cross-check to prevent spoofed
physical-progress data
•
Anomaly-based
intrusion detection on the edge gateway (lightweight ML model, separate from
the prediction engine)
•
Data integrity
hashing (SHA-256) at each fusion checkpoint so tampering between Module A and
Module B is detectable and becomes a defensible technical claim
Module G — Explainable AI
& Human-in-the-Loop Governance (เคต्เคฏाเค्เคฏेเคฏ
AI เคเคตं เคฎाเคจเคต-เคชเคฐ्เคฏเคตेเค्เคทिเคค เคจिเคฐ्เคฃเคฏ)
เคชूเคฐ्เคฃ เคฐूเคช เคธे autonomous corrective action risky เคเคฐ non-adoptable เคนै —
construction/EPC managers legally accountable เคนोเคคे เคนैं। Explainability เคเคธे
“black-box AI” เคे patent-เคฐिเคेเค्เคถเคจ เคोเคिเคฎ เคธे เคญी เคฌเคाเคคा เคนै।
•
SHAP/LIME-based
explanation layer attached to every CPI_pred / SPI_pred deviation alert,
showing which sensor/equipment feature drove the prediction
•
Tiered autonomy:
Advisory mode (recommend only) → Supervised mode (manager approves) →
Autonomous mode (pre-approved low-risk actions only)
•
Decision audit
log linking each corrective action to the explanation, approver ID, and outcome
— this closes the loop with accountability, which is a distinct technical +
commercial differentiator
Module H — Digital Twin
Synchronization & Standards Compliance (เคกिเคिเคเคฒ เค्เคตिเคจ เคคुเคฒ्เคฏเคाเคฒเคจ เคเคตं เคฎाเคจเค เค
เคจुเคชाเคฒเคจ)
เคฏเคน module architecture เคो actual industry standards เคธे เคोเคก़เคคा เคนै, เคिเคธเคธे
pilot projects เคเคฐ licensing เคฌाเคคเคीเคค เคคेเค़ เคนोเคคी เคนै।
•
IFC (ISO 19650)
compliant BIM component tagging so Module B's ID-mapping is interoperable with
any standard BIM authoring tool (Revit, ArchiCAD, Tekla)
•
OGC SensorThings
API for sensor data interoperability instead of a proprietary format
•
MQTT/CoAP for
lightweight edge-to-cloud messaging under constrained bandwidth (rural
Jharkhand sites, weak connectivity)
•
Offline-first
edge buffering: system continues local prediction and stores queued updates
when connectivity drops — addresses a real field condition our earlier design
didn't cover
3.
Prior-Art Differentiation Matrix | เคชूเคฐ्เคต-เคเคฒा เคตिเคญेเคฆीเคเคฐเคฃ
Patent examiners reject combination-inventions fastest when they can't
see a specific technical delta from existing art. This table should be refined
after an actual Espacenet/Google Patents search, but frames the argument
structure clearly.
|
Existing
Art Category
|
Typical
Coverage
|
Gap
Our System Closes
|
|
AI+IoT
construction monitoring (e.g. US20250265520A1-type)
|
Sensor
data → dashboard alerts
|
No
predictive-EVM transformation; no BIM Work-Package binding of raw sensor data
|
|
BIM
+ IoT integration patents (various CN filings)
|
Static
or near-real-time BIM sync from sensors
|
No
closed-loop multi-objective optimization tied to cost/schedule/risk
simultaneously
|
|
Standalone
EVM software
|
Historical,
manually-entered progress
|
No
physical-sensor-derived EV; purely retrospective, not predictive
|
|
Construction
digital twins
|
Visualization
+ progress tracking
|
No
automated corrective-action generation or explainability/audit layer
|
|
Generic
PM AI-prediction tools
|
Cost/schedule
risk scoring only
|
No
hardware binding — stays an abstract algorithm, weak for patent eligibility
|
เคฎुเค्เคฏ เคคเคฐ्เค (core argument): เคจเคฏाเคชเคจ เคिเคธी เคเค เคคเคเคจीเค เคฎें เคจเคนीं, เคฌเคฒ्เคि
Sensor→BIM→EVM→Optimization เคे specific data-fusion mechanism เคเคฐ เคเคธเคे
closed-loop, auditable, explainable เคाเคฐ्เคฏाเคจ्เคตเคฏเคจ เคฎें เคนै।
4.
Expanded Draft Claims | เคตिเคธ्เคคाเคฐिเคค เคฆाเคตे (Claims)
Independent Claim 1 เคชเคนเคฒे เคนी draft เคिเคฏा เคा เคुเคा เคนै। เคจीเคे เคเคธเคธे เคुเคก़े
dependent claims เคนैं เคो examiner เคो novelty เคी เคเคนเคฐाเค เคฆिเคाเคคे เคนैं (attorney เคธे
final เคญाเคทा เคคเคฏ เคเคฐเคตाเคँ):
1.
The system of
Claim 1, wherein the data-fusion algorithm cryptographically hashes sensor data
at each fusion checkpoint to produce a verifiable, tamper-evident chain of
custody for physical progress data.
2.
The system of
Claim 1, further comprising an explainability module that generates a
feature-attribution report for each predicted CPI/SPI deviation, identifying
the sensor or equipment source contributing most to the deviation.
3.
The system of
Claim 1, wherein corrective actions are classified into advisory, supervised,
and autonomous tiers based on a pre-configured risk threshold, and autonomous
execution is restricted to actions below said threshold.
4.
The system of
Claim 1, wherein the edge-computing gateway operates in an offline-buffered
mode during network disconnection, queuing fused data and continuing local
predictive inference using a cached model.
5.
The system of
Claim 1, wherein the BIM component ID mapping conforms to the IFC/ISO 19650
schema, enabling interoperability across multiple BIM authoring platforms.
6.
The system of
Claim 1, wherein the multi-objective optimization engine outputs a ranked set
of at least two corrective-action alternatives with associated cost, schedule,
and risk trade-off scores prior to action selection.
7.
The system of
Claim 1, further comprising a blockchain-anchored ledger recording each EVM
baseline change, corrective action, and human approval event as an immutable
audit record.
8.
The system of
Claim 1, wherein sensor authenticity is verified via a device-certificate check
cross-referenced against an RFID/GPS location constraint prior to acceptance
into the fusion pipeline.
5.
Regulatory & Compliance Layer | เคตिเคจिเคฏाเคฎเค เค
เคจुเคชाเคฒเคจ
เคญाเคฐเคค เคฎें field-deployable IoT/AI systems เคे เคฒिเค เคฏเคน compliance mapping
investor/licensing due-diligence เคฎें เคเคฒ्เคฆी เคชूเคी เคाเคคी เคนै।
|
Standard
/ Law
|
Relevance
|
|
DPDP
Act 2023 (India)
|
Governs
any personal/labour data captured via site cameras or mobile field apps —
consent + data-minimization design needed
|
|
ISO/IEC
27001
|
Information
security management baseline for the cloud/edge data layer
|
|
ISO
19650 (BIM)
|
Standard
for managing information over the lifecycle of a built asset using BIM
|
|
IEEE
2413
|
Architectural
framework for IoT interoperability
|
|
Indian
Patents Act 1970, S.3(k)
|
Excludes
“algorithm/software per se” — hardware-bound, technical-effect framing (as
used throughout this design) is essential to eligibility
|
6.
Sustainability & ESG KPI Integration | เคธเคคเคค เคตिเคाเคธ
เคเคตं ESG เคธूเคเค
เคूंเคि เคเคชเคा broader research profile Jharkhand rural development เคเคฐ
policy เคธे เคญी เคुเคก़ा เคนै, ESG metrics เคोเคก़เคจे เคธे เคฏเคน system government/EPC tenders เคฎें
เค
เคคिเคฐिเค्เคค เคตเคฐीเคฏเคคा (preference) เคชा เคธเคเคคा เคนै।
•
Embodied-carbon
tracking per work package (linking material/equipment sensor data to emissions
factors)
•
Equipment
idle-time reduction as a fuel/energy-saving KPI, auto-computed from Module A
sensor streams
•
Worker safety
index derived from CCTV/computer-vision near-miss detection, feeding into the
Project Success Index (PSI)
•
Waste/material-overrun
tracking via load-cell and RFID variance, supporting circular-construction
reporting
7.
Technology Readiness Level (TRL) Roadmap | เคช्เคฐौเคฆ्เคฏोเคिเคी
เคคเคค्เคชเคฐเคคा เคฐोเคกเคฎैเคช
|
TRL
|
Milestone
|
Approx.
Timeline
|
|
TRL
1–2
|
Concept
+ architecture finalized (this document)
|
Completed
|
|
TRL
3
|
Simulated
PoC — synthetic sensor data + AI model + dashboard (thesis-stage)
|
3–4
months
|
|
TRL
4
|
Lab-scale
demonstrator — ESP32/Arduino sensors + BIM viewer + EVM engine integrated
|
4–6
months
|
|
TRL
5
|
Field
validation in relevant environment — one instrumented work package on a
live/pilot site
|
6–10
months
|
|
TRL
6
|
Prototype
demonstrated in operational environment — full closed loop on a small project
|
10–16
months
|
|
TRL
7–8
|
System
qualified, industry pilot with EPC/government partner
|
16–30
months
|
|
TRL
9
|
Commercial
deployment / licensing
|
30+
months
|
8.
IP & Commercialization Risk Register | เคฌौเคฆ्เคงिเค
เคธंเคชเคฆा เคोเคिเคฎ เคฐเคिเคธ्เคเคฐ
|
Risk
|
Likelihood
|
Mitigation
|
|
Prior
art overlap in AI+IoT construction space
|
High
|
Narrow
claims to the specific fusion/audit/explainability mechanism, not the general
concept
|
|
S.3(k)
software-per-se rejection (India)
|
Medium
|
Keep
claims hardware-bound; emphasize sensor–gateway–actuator technical effect
|
|
High
prototype cost delaying filing
|
Medium
|
File
provisional early with simulated PoC; complete specification within 12 months
as prototype matures
|
|
Data
privacy non-compliance (site cameras, worker data)
|
Medium
|
Build
DPDP-compliant consent/anonymization into Module F from the start, not
retrofitted
|
|
Licensing
partner reluctance without field data
|
High
|
Target
one instrumented pilot work package before approaching EPC licensing partners
|
9.
Experimental Validation Plan | เคช्เคฐเคฏोเคाเคค्เคฎเค เคธเคค्เคฏाเคชเคจ เคฏोเคเคจा
เคฅीเคธिเคธ เคे เคฒिเค defensible empirical section เคฌเคจाเคจे เคนेเคคु เคจ्เคฏूเคจเคคเคฎ KPI
targets:
|
Metric
|
Target
|
Method
|
|
Schedule-delay
prediction accuracy
|
≥85%
|
Compare
AI-predicted SPI_pred vs actual SPI over pilot duration
|
|
Cost-overrun
prediction accuracy
|
≥80%
|
Compare
CPI_pred vs actual CPI
|
|
End-to-end
latency (sensor → dashboard alert)
|
<5
seconds (edge), <60 seconds (cloud fallback)
|
Timestamp
logging across Modules A–D
|
|
False-positive
rate on deviation alerts
|
<15%
|
Manager-reviewed
alert log over pilot period
|
|
Data-integrity
verification success
|
100%
of fusion checkpoints hashed & verifiable
|
Automated
integrity-check script on stored ledger
|
10.
เค
เคเคฒे เคเคฆเคฎ | Next
Steps
9.
Espacenet +
Google Patents + Indian Patent Office เคชเคฐ เคธंเคถोเคงिเคค keyword search:
("predictive EVM" OR "earned value") AND "IoT"
AND "BIM" AND ("explainable" OR "blockchain")
10. JUT Ranchi / BIT Sindri เคे IP Cell เคธे เคช्เคฐाเคฐंเคญिเค
patentability opinion เคฒें
11. Module F–H เคो thesis Chapter 3
(Methodology) เคฎें เคคเคเคจीเคी architecture เคे เคนिเคธ्เคธे เคे เคฐूเคช เคฎें เคोเคก़ें
12. Simulated PoC (Python + synthetic sensor
data + open BIM viewer) เคชเคฐ เคाเคฎ เคถुเคฐू เคเคฐें — TRL 3 เคฒเค्เคท्เคฏ
13. Provisional patent application draft เคคैเคฏाเคฐ
เคเคฐें, hardware-bound claims เคชเคฐ เคेंเคฆ्เคฐिเคค เคฐเคเคคे เคนुเค
เคจोเค: เคฏเคน เคเค technical planning document เคนै, เคाเคจूเคจी เคธเคฒाเคน เคจเคนीं।
Patent filing เคธे เคชเคนเคฒे registered patent attorney เคธे patentability opinion เค
เคตเคถ्เคฏ
เคฒें।
